In the current economic scenario, marked by growing environmental challenges, the transition to more sustainable businesses based on the ESG (environmental, social and governance) pillars is inevitable for all companies, regardless of their size.
The “new” European corporate sustainability reporting rules, associated with the CSRD directive – Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (EU Directive 2022/2464), oblige large companies listed on the stock exchange to present, in 2025, in relation to the fiscal year 2024 , its performance in terms of sustainability, and must do so under the ESRS (European Sustainability Reporting Standards). As for small and medium-sized companies (SMEs), only listed ones need to do so, and only in 2027 in relation to the 2026 tax year, with the rest being exempt from the obligation.
However, the pressure of an interconnected global ecosystem makes it essential that everyone – without exception – prepares to respond to the impacts that the ESG transition can bring to their businesses. In this article we explore the reasons why SMEs should care about ESG factors and use them to boost their competitiveness.
Challenges and opportunities for SMEs
Among the 10.000 Portuguese SMEs with the best management and financial performance, 40% do not see clear benefits in adopting ESG practices, according to a survey carried out by the Catholic University in collaboration with IAPMEI – Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation. However, evidence suggests that ignoring this trend can have adverse consequences.
Value chains
ESG reporting is carried out according to three scopes: scope 1 emissions are direct, which are owned or controlled by a company; Scope 2 and 3 emissions are indirect, that is, a consequence of a company's activities, which occur from sources that are not owned or controlled by it; those in scope 2 are linked to energy consumption and its origin, those in scope 3 come from the value chain.
ESG reporting scopes

Companies legally obliged to report their ESG performance are, in scope 3, forced to demand identical reporting from their partner or supplier entities (which may or may not be required by law to do so). In this sense, and faced with a complex and intricate business fabric, an organization with weak or no ESG performance can easily contaminate the score of another, and therefore become less attractive.
To remain competitive, protect and defend their reputation and ensure the vitality of their relationships with their customers, companies must make efforts to comply with ESG goals and more sustainable practices, as otherwise it could mean passive exclusion from the market.
Pressures on the financial system
The financial system – made up of banks, investors and insurance companies – is also required to carry out this ESG report. Here lies a direct problem for SMEs: access to financing is conditioned by the risk that the business represents to the integrity of the value chain (scope 3) of the financial entity. For this reason, the financial system chooses to finance those with an already outlined ESG strategy and measurable results, thus ensuring their protection against legal obligations.
Talent attraction
Despite the significant impact that customers and the financial system have on companies to define and meet ESG objectives, there is another pressure that deserves recognition: employees. Increasingly, purpose-driven work is an aspiration for some and a requirement for others. Therefore, if a company wants to attract and retain talent, it must demonstrate its commitment to ESG factors. The new generations demand this: organizations with values compatible with their own, including concern for people and the environment, and close, inclusive and democratic leadership. Betting on ESG is also betting on talent.
Start early
We can say that the objective of any company is to grow its business size. SMEs must take advantage of the market's ESG concerns today as an opportunity to rethink their growth in a sustainable way and in accordance with the profile of new customers that emerges with the change in values in new generations. More than that, SMEs must now take advantage of their scale to begin reporting efforts so that, eventually, as their growth becomes easier.
SMEs will thus be able to grow from the outset, also considering the environmental, social and governance challenges and opportunities that will be required of them in the future. In this way, more sustainable and resilient businesses are created.
The regulatory landscape is changing progressively, in an attempt to respond to the goals and objectives defined in the fight against climate change. Companies, as relevant agents of this change, must see this transition as an opportunity to rethink their business and operations models, in order to adopt more sustainable practices for the planet, promote environments of well-being and happiness, build firmer governance and resilient, and contribute to stronger, circular economies.
Ultimately, investing in ESG is not just a legal obligation or an ethical duty, but also a smart and strategic way to look at the future of business. SMEs that embrace sustainability today are not only contributing to a better future, but also ensuring their own resilience and competitiveness in an evolving global market.
To learn more about the topic, we suggest watching the video of the session “ESG PME Exporters Program: ‘ESG Fundamentals’ Course”, coordinated by AICEP and IAPMEI, here.